NIC (network interface card) is a gadget that works as a bridge between computers. In other words, this piece of equipment is used to join together multiple computer systems in a local area network (LAN). Though, networked computers are required protocols and agreed-upon communication languages in order to correspond with each other and for transmitting data packets on these machines. That means network interface card is very important to link the computers so data can be sent and received on them within a LAN. So while constructing a LAN, NIC must be fitted into each communicating computer within that network. Moreover, all installed NICs in this network must have the same designs and architectures. Ethernet cards and Token Ring cards are the best examples of these technologies.

For your information, a network interface card (Ethernet card) will be installed in the computer’s slot. Though lots of network technologies other than Ethernet exist but it is in practice near-ubiquity since the year 1990. Likewise, each Ethernet network controller is having a unique address of 48 bits serial numbers which is known as MAC (media access control) address. Like a home address, MAC addresses are used to move ahead traffic to a computer over a network. But these addresses are stored up in the computer’s ROM (read only memory).

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The network interface card allows the computers of a network to communicate as OSI layer 1 and layer 2 hardware devices. It also makes possible the physical contact with a network’s resource or other medium. With NIC a low-level addressing structure with the use of MAC addresses becomes possible. It as well permits the computers users to establish a connection with each other by using cables or else to communicate wirelessly.

The network interface card back plate is featured a port with it and that port is able to accommodate an Ethernet cable that must have to run through from every NICs towards either the central hub or else the switch. Actually, hubs or switches are used to pass data and information between a network’s computers with the help of MAC addresses. So whenever you will go to buy the LAN components, make sure first that the NICs have the similar capabilities as a hub or a switch of that network has. So NIC for a wireless network can’t chatter with a wired hub or switch and vice versa. Anyhow, for the greater speed and best performance of the network, try to use the newer versions of hardware.

NIC as a controller put into practice to that electronic circuitry which is must for the communication within a network. Well, computers contacts with each other become possible with the layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data link layer) standards like Ethernet and Wi-Fi. And as the base of the network’s protocol stack, that rule permits the communication within similar LAN small groups of computers. But for the big networks communication, routable protocols as IP are required.

Following are the 4 possible techniques that can be used by NIC to transfer the data:

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1. Polling
2. Programmed Input/output (I/O)
3. Interruption driven I/O
4. Direct memory access

A wireless network card is a computer component that can be connected to a computer, usually internally, to allow that computer to then connect to a wireless network. While external devices can be used for wireless connectivity, these are often referred to as “dongles” or as wireless universal serial bus (USB) cards. Internal network cards are typically connected directly to the motherboard, usually through an expansion slot such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) or similar slot. A wireless network card allows the user of a computer to connect to a wireless network and access data through that network.

The basic functionality of a wireless network card is to allow a computer or other device to connect to an established wireless network. This type of network is often created in local areas through the use of a wireless hub or router, which can be connected to a modem to allow users to access the Internet wirelessly. External devices are often called dongles or USB cards, since they usually connect through a USB port. These external devices are usually easier to connect and disconnect, though they are not always as powerful as an internal wireless network card.

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A wireless network card is usually fairly small, especially when compared to powerful video cards and other expansion components. It is typically designed as a basic circuit board, with a connection terminal installed onto a motherboard and a faceplate exposed through the back of a computer case. While different types of connections can be used for installing a wireless network card, they are usually connected to a basic expansion slot on the motherboard, such as a PCI or PCI express slot. The faceplate that aligns with the back of the computer case typically has one or more antennae, which sends and receives the wireless signal.

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There are a number of different wireless network card manufacturers, though this basic design is quite common among developers. The antenna on the back of a wireless card is usually connected directly to the card, often with a hinge that allows the antenna to be adjusted. Some cards feature an antenna that is connected through a length of cable, which allows the antenna to be placed in an ideal location for communicating with a wireless hub or router. Different letters can be used to describe a wireless network card, such as “Wireless-G” or “Wireless-N;” these indicate the specific type of wireless standards utilized by the card. In general, the “higher” the letter in the alphabet, the stronger the signal these wireless devices can employ.